Dr boris levinson biography of mahatma gandhi

This was the beginning of the Satyagraha movement in South Africa, which aimed at asserting the truth through non-violent resistance. This philosophy was deeply influenced by his religious beliefs and his experiences in South Africa. He believed that the moral high ground could compel oppressors to change their ways without resorting to violence.

Gandhi argued that through peaceful non-compliance and willingness to accept the consequences of defiance, one could achieve justice. This form of protest was not just about resisting unjust laws but doing so in a way that adhered to a strict code of non-violence and truth, or Satyagraha. His readings of various religious texts and the works of thinkers like Henry David Thoreau also contributed to his philosophy.

Satyagrahaa term coined by Gandhi, combines the Sanskrit words for truth satya and holding firmly to agraha. Satyagraha called for non-violent resistance to injustice, where the satyagrahi practitioner of Satyagraha would peacefully defy unjust laws and accept the consequences of such defiance. This approach was revolutionary because it shifted the focus from anger and revenge to love and self-suffering.

Gandhi believed that this form of protest could appeal to the conscience of the oppressor, leading to change without the need for violence. In implementing Satyagraha, Gandhi ensured that it was accessible and applicable to the Indian people. He simplified complex political concepts into actions that could be undertaken by anyone, regardless of their social or economic status.

Satyagraha was demonstrated through the boycotting of British goods, non-payment of taxes, and peaceful protests. One of the key aspects of Satyagraha was the willingness to endure suffering without retaliation. Gandhi emphasized that the power of Satyagraha came from the moral purity and courage of its practitioners, not from the desire to inflict harm on the opponent.

The effectiveness of Satyagraha was evident in various campaigns led by Gandhi, both in South Africa and later in India. In India, the Satyagraha movement gained momentum with significant events such as the Champaran agitation against the indigo planters, the Kheda peasant struggle, and the nationwide protests against the British salt taxes through the Salt March.

These movements not only mobilized the Indian people against British rule but also demonstrated the strength and resilience of non-violent resistance. Through Satyagraha, Gandhi sought to bring about a moral awakening both within India and among the British authorities. He believed that true victory was not the defeat of the opponent but the achievement of justice and harmony.

After spending over two decades in South Africa, fighting for the rights of the Indian community there, Mahatma Gandhi decided it was time to return to India. His decision was influenced by his desire to take part in the struggle for Indian independence from British rule. InGandhi arrived back in India, greeted by a nation on the cusp of change.

Dr boris levinson biography of mahatma gandhi: ○ Mahatma Gandhi's life

Upon his return, he chose not to plunge directly into the political turmoil but instead spent time traveling across the country to understand the complex fabric of Indian society. This journey was crucial for Gandhi as it allowed him to connect with the people, understand their struggles, and gauge the extent of British exploitation. He established an ashram in Ahmedabad, which became a base for his activities and a sanctuary for those who wanted to join his cause.

Having been born to Jewish parents and having spent most of his life in Brooklyn, New York, Levinson wrote a significant number of papers featuring Jewish subjects. Notably, Levinson conducted numerous studies on the intelligence of Jewish children and adolescents. Especially considering the Jewish population, he held in high regard scientific integrity.

This is clearly evident in a scathing metatextual critique Levinson wrote in InLevinson married his first wife, Ruth Berkowitz, and they had two sons. Levinson died of a heart attack in He was the director of human animal companion therapy at the Blueberry Center and was professor emeritus of psychology of Yeshiva University. Contents move to sidebar hide.

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Dr boris levinson biography of mahatma gandhi: In an American child psychiatrist,

Tools Tools. Download as PDF Printable version. In other projects. Wikidata item. American psychologist. Did No, I studied law in London 3. South Africa at the time was controlled by the Boers, Afrikaans-speaking Whites, who believed in racial segregation, and it was during this trip that he first came face to face with the country's race laws.

The young London-trained lawyer was sitting in the first class compartment of a train, as was appropriate for anyone of his statuswhen suddenly an angry White told him to get back to the third class compartment where he belonged. From then on, the well-off young lawyer from India would use his skills to work against the racial discrimination which existed at the time in South Africa Return to Linguapress home page.

Printer-friendly page Better than PDF. New from Linguapress Now available from Amazon. Copyright information. A selection of other resources in graded English from Linguapress. Selected pages. Advanced level reading : a selection. Who killed Martin Luther King? The American way of eating with audio. Highway 66 revisited with audio. For Elise a short story from the USA with audio.

Lucky Jim a short story from the USA with audio. And lots more: More advanced reading texts. Intermediate resources :. Big red London buses with audio. And more: More intermediate reading texts. Selected grammar pages. Although sentenced to a six-year imprisonment, Gandhi was released in February after appendicitis surgery. When violence between the two religious groups flared again, Gandhi began a three-week fast in the autumn of to urge unity.

He remained away from active politics during much of the latter s. Wearing a homespun white shawl and sandals and carrying a walking stick, Gandhi set out from his religious retreat in Sabarmati on March 12,with a few dozen followers. By the time he arrived 24 days later in the coastal town of Dandi, the ranks of the marchers swelled, and Gandhi broke the law by making salt from evaporated seawater.

The Salt March sparked similar protests, and mass civil disobedience swept across India. Approximately 60, Indians were jailed for breaking the Salt Acts, including Gandhi, who was imprisoned in May Still, the protests against the Salt Acts elevated Gandhi into a transcendent figure around the world.

Dr boris levinson biography of mahatma gandhi: Rahul Gandhi was born

Gandhi was released from prison in Januaryand two months later he made an agreement with Lord Irwin to end the Salt Satyagraha in exchange for concessions that included the release of thousands of political prisoners. The agreement, however, largely kept the Salt Acts intact. But it did give those who lived on the coasts the right to harvest salt from the sea.

Hoping that the agreement would be a stepping-stone to home rule, Gandhi attended the London Round Table Conference on Indian constitutional reform in August as the sole representative of the Indian National Congress. The conference, however, proved fruitless. The public outcry forced the British to amend the proposal. With his health failing, Gandhi was released after a month detainment in Gandhi played an active role in the negotiations, but he could not prevail in his hope for a unified India.

Instead, the final plan called for the partition of the subcontinent along religious lines into two independent states—predominantly Hindu India and predominantly Muslim Pakistan. Violence between Hindus and Muslims flared even before independence took effect on August 15, Afterwards, the killings multiplied. Gandhi toured riot-torn areas in an appeal for peace and fasted in an attempt to end the bloodshed.

Some Hindus, however, increasingly viewed Gandhi as a traitor for expressing sympathy toward Muslims. InGandhi endured the passing of his father and shortly after that the death of his young baby.